For starters, Nisbett doesn’t think direct replications are efficient or sensible instead he favors so-called conceptual replication, which is more or less taking someone else’s interesting result and putting your own spin on it. And he’s a skeptic of this new generation of skeptics. Nisbett has been calculating effect sizes since before most of those in the replication movement were born. For example, in an interview for the Chronicle of Higher Education, Nisbett dismissed these results by attributing them to problems of the replication studies. The response by eminent social psychologists to these findings has been a classic case of motivated reasoning and denial. Only a quarter of social psychology experiments could be replicated successfully. The most impressive evidence comes from a project that tried to replicate a representative sample of psychological studies (Open Science Collaboration, 2015). Since 2011, some psychologists have started to put the practices and results of experimental social psychologists under the microscope.
The use of these questionable research practices explains why over 90% of published results in social psychology journals support authors’ hypotheses (Sterling, 1959 Sterling et al., 1995). More detrimental for the field of experimental social psychology was that Bem’s carefree use of scientific methods is common in experimental social psychology in part because Bem wrote a chapter that instructed generations of experimental social psychologists how they could produce seemingly perfect results. Subsequent analyses of his results and data revealed that Daryl Bem did not use scientific methods properly and that the results provide no credible empirical evidence for his claims (Francis, 2012 Schimmack, 2012 Schimmack, 2018). For example, in one study extraverts seemed to be able to foresee the location of pornographic images before a computer program determined the location. The reputation of Experimental Social Psychology (ESP) also took a hit when the top journal of ESP research published an article by Daryl Bem that claimed to provide evidence for extra-sensory perceptions. The Stapel Debacle raised questions about the scientific standards of experimental social psychology. Experiments became the dominant paradigm in social psychology with success stories like Daniel Kahneman’s Noble Price for Economics and embarrassments like Diederik Staple’s numerous retractions because he fabricated data for articles published in experimental social psychology (ESP) journals. His co-authored book on faulty human information processing (Nisbett & Ross, 1980) provided the foundation of experimental studies of social cognition (Fiske & Taylor, 1984). Richard Nisbett has been an influential experimental social psychologist.
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